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Semiconductors are the divided class of substances. At first this unique type was discovered in the 1890’s but more thoroughly it started to be researched just after the First World War in Europe and in Soviet Union. Russian scientists performed a lot of experiments. The results showed that semiconductors may help to generate the fluctuations and maintain them. During several years igct were excluded by tubes. Just in the beginning of the 50’s with the invention of transistors in 1949 the wide usage of crystal detectors started. Since then a lot of persons all over the world become interested in such type of substance as semiconductors. A lot of physicists carry out a huge amount of experiments simply to get more knowledge about such feature of semiconductors as stimulated emission. By usage of such principles as p – n barriers and heterojunction scientists managed to create laser system in the beginning of the 60’s. Modern developers can offer a wide range of variant semiconductor devices to their customers, for instance asymmetric GTO thyristors. Nowadays it is not possible to carry out any experiments without some new technologies that are founded on use of semiconductors. The conductivity of semiconductors lies in range between conductivity of metals and conductivity of isolators. This feature is produced the division of semiconductors as a detached class. There are some elements that are mainly used to develop the semiconductor devices. They are germanium, selenium, silicon, etc. For very long period of time semiconductors haven’t drawn the attention of scientists and engineers. Abram Ioffe is a soviet physicist that started carrying out various experiments in area of semiconductors. He found that semiconductors are the divided type of crystals with some unique characteristics. There are electron conduction and hole conduction developed by semiconductor systems. Such characteristics can be modified by usage of adding some admixtures or changing temperature. The admixtures influence considerably on the electron conduction of the semiconductors. Almost every area of modern technologies means usage of semiconductors. Diodes, transistors and thyristors are the most often used systems. Their unique features are widely utilized today, but they became spread only ten years ago. There are devices based on semiconductors that may turn luminous and heat energy into electricity and vice versa. Heat and cold can be developed by some types of semiconductors. Semiconductors perform the main functions in many various devices: atomic batteries, quantum generators, processors and even primitive radio receivers. Such systems as fuses are commonly used in any construction connected to the electricity. The usage of semiconductors instead of tube systems permits to lower the overall dimensions and weight of electronic devices. The analogue devices are not equal in case we talk about their reliability and power. Tube drops behind. There are many various systems nowadays, which considerably ease our life and all these inventions appear only owing to the semiconductor systems.
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